Comparing Systems Theory and Grounded Theory

Comparing Systems Theory and Grounded Theory Summarize what you have learned about the similarities and differences among the approaches. Qualitative research is an activity that locates the observer in the world. Qualitative research consists of a set of material and interpretive practices that make the world visible. They turn the world into a series of representations, including field notes, conversations, interviews, recordings, photographs, and memos to the self. At this level, qualitative research involves an interpretive, naturalistic approach to the world. This means that qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or to interpret, phenomena regarding the meanings people bring to them. (Denzin Lincoln, 2005, p. 3). Grounded theory is a set of procedure to conduct qualitative research in order to develop a personalized theory for a study (Charmaz, 2009). Grounded theory is used by a lot of researchers however most have proven to use the theory incorrectly as researchers do not understand the full scope of this method (Charmaz, 2009). A narrative inquiry is founded on the principle that each person has a story which gives meaning to their life. Narrative inquiry derives from the phenomenology approach, this type of research includes collecting stories, connecting a meaning to these stories and linking them to the research participants experiences (Trahar, 2009). Researchers often gather stories through word of mouth, notes or historical references (Patton,2015). Researchers that choose this approach believes that stories, organize and shape their experiences (pg. 128). One challenge that researcher has that use a narrative inquiry is sorting through the stories to collect valid data (Patton, 2009). One type of writing that researchers use for a narrative inquiry is autoethnographic, this kind of writing involves writing in multiple layers of consciousness (Patton, 2009). Systems theory is the study of multiple systems. Within the Human Services field, workers are work to incorporate social science insights toward improving the quality of life communities and individuals (Systems Theory, 2005). Systems theory explores the structure of complex systems, it also explores how each system is comparable to each other and as well as the whole system (Systems Theory, 2005). Human Service workers use systems theory to understand to get a better idea of the relationship between families, individuals, societies and institutions. Workers seek to learn how a system functions, what parts of that system will have a potential negative impact on a client. Ethnography is a research method that relies on first-hand experiences of participants (Miller, 2015). Some studies require that the researcher engages in the study and only observe (Miller, 2015). Ethnographic researchers typically use observations, documents, and interviews as data collection techniques (Miller, 2015). Participatory Action Research is a subset of action research. Within participatory action research a study is conducted to investigate a social problem with the aim to take action on the identified issue. This approach is more commonly used to solve a sociopolitical problem. Describe how what youve learned by developing the matrix has allowed you to choose the approach that you plan to use for your research plan in this course. Identify the approach you intend to use for your research question. Using the phenomenological approach, the research question that this learner will explore is what is the lived experience of a female, Army, military spouse, coping with challenges associated with their partners transition from active duty military to civilian life? The best approach that fits this research question is the Moussakas Heuristic research approach using qualitative methods. Moussakas has three approaches hermeneutics, heuristic, and empirical phenomenological research (Creswell, 2009). The heuristic approach starts as a question or a challenge that has the potential to an impact of a social issue (Creswell, 2009). In the heuristic approach, researchers gather knowledge by learning about the participants life experience (Creswell, 2009). From the life experience of the participants, a depiction is made. In-depth interviews will allow the participants to give details on how the military to civilian, transitional period affects the spouse as well as the relationship; phenom enology would allow for the spouses to provide details of their experience in their words. Describe your rationale for your choice of approach. References Charmaz, Kathy. Grounded Theory. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods. 2003. SAGE Publications. 24 May. 2009. . SparkNotes Editors. (2005). Systems Theory. Retrieved July 8, 2016, from http://www.sparknotes.com/psychology/psych101/development/ Miller, M. A. (2015). Academic Advisors of Military and Student Veterans: An Ethnographic Study. Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 63(2), 98-108. doi:10.1080/07377363.2015.1042997

Preference Reversal And Expert :: essays research papers

Subjects in gambling tasks that involve both choice and pricing show a pattern of responses known as preference reversal. That is, although subjects in a choice condition generally will give higher preference ratings to “safe';, high-probability/low-payoff, bets than to “longshot';, low-probability/high-payoff, bets, when they are asked in a pricing condition to generate an amount of money that they would accept to avoid the gamble altogether they tend to give higher values for longshots over safer bets. Tversky, Slovic, and Kahneman (1990) demonstrate that among the several possible actions that subjects could be taking to produce this pattern, the critical factor appears to be the overpricing of the longshot bets. If subjects are actually offered a monetary figure (hypothetically) by the experimenter to replace the gamble, they will accept this figure even though it is lower than the figure that they generated in the pricing condition. Tversky et al. (1990) further show ed that this overpricing is largely due to a phenomena known as scale compatibility, which involves certain biases when the response required by the subject is in the same units as the factors influencing the decision. Since the payoffs of the bets and the buy-out prices assigned to them are both monetary values, this leads people to give greater weight to the payoff value of the bets when asked to price them (a situation of compatibility) than when asked to choose between them (a situation of non-compatibility).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The development of expertise in avoiding preference reversal, then, would have to involve the circumvention of the compatibility effect. One possible way in which this could occur would involve subjects consistently selecting either payoff or probability as the critical factor in both choice and pricing conditions. By adopting a strategy of maximizing the chance of any payoff in both the choice and pricing condition and giving that option the higher rating on both scales, preference reversal would be avoided. Conversely, considering only the greatest potential for gain in each condition would have the same effect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This strategy, however, would be susceptible to preference reversals in the other direction. In the first case of maximizing the chance of payoff, the safe bet (H) would be favored over the longshot (L) and the pricing would also favor the safe bet (Ch) over the longshot (Cl) (i.e. Ch Cl). Yet when any amount of money (X) is offered at a %100 probability, that option would be selected over both H and L.

Challenges of Life

Some of Life’s Challenges Education has always played one of the most challenging parts of my life. It has become even more of a struggle with the other priorities in my life such as work and my hockey club team. I always try my best to get around to these events while at the same time, try to avoid the worst possibilities-like not having a source of transportation or falling behind schedule with another event. These issues of rides and time can occur often but I do learn to work with what my sources are, which is hardly anything, and somehow manage to be okay at the end of the day.To begin with, working is a huge responsibility and sometimes can be a bigger priority than school. I work all morning shifts which keeps me from having any classes in the daytime. In addition, the morning time at the Galleria Mall is slow but the regulars are always there early, sometimes before the mall even opens, and it becomes frustrating when trying to concentrate on my work with a customer wa lking in every other minute.This causes me to lose my train of thought, which you all know can be very thwarting. Last, but worst part is that when I get off work, I have class right after! I come to class grumpy, hungry, and hardly without a desire to learn anything. For quite some time now, cars have been a huge hobby as well as a passion of mine. Not too long ago my mom and I began to share cars because she had returned hers due to the end of her lease.Furthermore, this has become a serious problem in which one of our schedules becomes ruined and in most cases I am the one that makes the sacrifice of skipping a hockey game, being late to work, or having to be dropped off at class an hour and a half early. Lastly, I have developed the habit of having to ask for rides from friends or family. This becomes very nerve wrecking which makes me feel terrible for always having to ask and sometimes I don’t even manage to find a ride because my family and friends have their own thing s to get†¦

Gatsbys Biggest Desire - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 770 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Great Gatsby Essay Did you like this example? Adam Meehan psychoanalyzed The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Meehans article is, Repetition, race, and desire, in the Great Gatsby. In this psychoanalysis, Meehan covers desire and repetition thoroughly and does not necessarily go over race. In the novel race is not a large factor but Meehan did not necessarily cover all aspects of Gatsbys desire. Meehan states that Gatsby chases Daisy because she is like the mother he never had and uses her to fill that void. The second is Meehan lacks to state that one of Gatsbys greatest desires was money. Meehan insists that Daisy is a mere placeholder, an object of Gatsbys true desire. He states that she represents something beyond desire ¦.as the symbol of that which the symbol wants but cannot have (Meehan Repetition, Race, and Desire in The Great Gatsby). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Gatsbys Biggest Desire" essay for you Create order Gatsby doesnt want to praise himself for what he is, the son of a poor farmer, but a man he wishes he was, part of the old money. One of Gatsbys desire is to relive his past, which Nicks suggestion that one cannot repeat the past. Meehan states that Gatsby laughs at that idea and states, of course, you can. This is showing that Gatsby is hoping to not only recreate the past but also wants to reconstruct it. Meehans second half of his psychoanalysis states that Gatsby does not just desire Daisy because of her looks. He desires the way she talks, smells, her whiteness, the feel she gives, the smell of her skin, her position and etcetera. Gatsby must climb along to achieve his desires because he pursues a source of nourishment which cannot be attained. Lastly, Meehan states that Gatsby desires Daisy because she is a reflection of his mother. Gatsby never received enough love growing up from his parents and so he hopes that Daisy will fill that endless void. Gatsby was seeking love but not when it came to his parents. His greatest desires comprised of Daisys love, to become rich, and to change his persona. His whole persona began because of them, seeing them as shiftless and unsuccessful farm people made him disappointed in who he really was ( Fitzgerald 104). If Gatsby wanted to be loved by his parents he could have received it but he wanted nothing to do with them. Gatsbys imagination had never really accepted them as his parents at all (Fitzgerald 104). Throughout the novel when Gatsby even considers mentioning his parents it was never true, he was too ashamed of them. He rose from his own platonic conception of himself, and even if it meant believing his parents did not exist. Gatsbys conception of himself is what lead him to his greatest desire, money, which Meehan forgot to mention. He hated the poor lifestyle and saw other people living the glamorous life, and so he went out to pursue his dream. Daisy is an important factor in Gatsbys life but there is little evidence love was Gatsbys primary motivation. She was just part of his plan to reach his self-image. The first goal was was to become rich, and Gatsby was going to do whatever it took. Gatsby stated that Meyer Wolfsheim was the man who fixed the Worlds Series back in 1919 (Fitzgerald 78). This shows he was willing to do shady work with shady people to get what he wanted. His second goal was to erase his history, at his parties, no one knew him personally but by the rumors that were spread. Some stating that he was a German spy during the war, and was related Kaiser Wilhelm (Fitzgerald 48). Finally, he needed to marry Daisy and she was considered to be part of the old money, people born into wealth. No matter how rich Gatsby was, he would never hold the same value of someone that was born into wealth. Marrying Daisy would help him get closer to achieving that goal and being part of the old money. Gatsby greatest desire has always been about money, because he hated the poor lifestyle ever since he was a child. Daisy was simply a placeholder for Gatsby, this was a sign that the love would never work. Gatsby grew up with the mentality that if you work hard enough, anything is achievable. This is true but not for everything in life, some things just cannot be achieved. Just like Daisys love, trying to hide his true identity, and trying to belong to a group when he was not born into it. Gatsby pushed away his own people and was trying to fit in where he did not belong, which lead him to his greatest downfall.